Morphology + reticulocytes + manual smear

• The test material is blood.
• The patient does not need to be fasting.About 30 minutes before the test, it is advisable to drink a glass of water or bitter(unsweetened) tea.

Peripheral blood morphology consists of qualitative
and quantitative evaluation of blood morphotic elements and includes:

- Determination of the number of morphotic elements, i.e.: red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes) and platelets (thrombocytes)
,
- calculation of the values of color indices.
The red blood cell system includes:

- RBC - the number of red blood cells (erythrocytes). Erythrocytes, thanks to the hemoglobin they contain, are oxygen carriers. Increased amounts of RBCs are referred to as hyperemia (redness, erythrocytosis, polyglobulia), and decreased amounts are referred to as anemia, or anemia.

- HGB - hemoglobin concentration

- HCT - hematocrit, or the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to plasma. It is an important parameter on which the viscosity of blood depends.

- MCV - the mean volume of a red blood cell. Depending on the MPV value, we divide red blood cells into microcytic (MCV below normal), normocytic (MCV in the normal range) and macrocytic (MCV above normal). The size of the blood cell gives us information about the cause of anemia.

- MCH - mean weight of hemoglobin in a blood cell

- MCHC - mean concentration of hemoglobin in a blood cell

- RWD - a measure of erythrocyte size variation

- RET - reticulocyte count. Reticulocytes are precursors of red blood cells circulating in the blood for less than 48 hours. The reticulocyte count is a measure of bone marrow activity. The value of reticulocytes is important in assessing erythropoiesis in anemia and controlling treatment with iron preparations. Abnormal values of reticulocytes occur with: chronic, increased formation of blood cells by the bone marrow, anemia (anemia) caused by destruction of blood cells.

The study determines 7 reticulocyte parameters: Ret.(%) relative and Ret (+ACM-) absolute reticulocyte count, IRF-fraction of immature reticulocytes by proportion and degree of maturity, i.e.H-R% (reticulocytes with high RNA content), M-R% (reticulocytes with medium RNA content), L-R% (reticulocytes with low RNA content), and RET-He-equivalent of hemoglobin in reticulocyte.

The protein-cell system includes
:
- WBC-Total white blood cell (leukocyte) count. The function of leukocytes is to protect the body from microorganisms. An increase in the value of WBC, or leukocytosis, can be caused by physiological factors, for example: in newborns, during pregnancy and the postpartum period, after physical exertion, as a result of stress, pain, overheating of the body or excessive cooling. A decrease in WBC values is leukopenia, which can be caused by: viral infections (influenza, measles, rubella, chicken pox), severe bacterial infections (tuberculosis,typhoid), systemic connective tissue diseases (so-called collagenoses), vitamin B12 deficiency, folic acid deficiency, damage to the bone marrow by drugs.

Under normal conditions, we distinguish between 5 types of white blood cells, given as the so-called expanded blood formula, i.e. the number of each type of blood cell per unit volume, ie:

- Neutrophil granulocytes (neutrophils),
- Acidophilic granulocytes (eosinophils),
- basophilic granulocytes (basophils),
- lymphocytes,
- monocytes.

Blood smear can be given in % - this is the so-called "manual " blood smear ( Schilling smear).

The platelet-forming system includes:

- PLT - platelet count
,
- PCT - platelet count,
- MPV - mean platelet volume
,
- PDV - platelet anisocytosis index, i.e. what % of platelets deviate in volume from the average
,
- PLCR - percentage of large platelets.

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